westlake



C. T. WESTLAKE CAR TRUCK.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 25,1919.

1922. 2 SHEETS-SHEET 1- Patented Mar. 28,

. fizzle/12 0;" Charles XVI 61 2M? c. T. WESTLAKE.

cm; TRUCK. APPLICATION FILED JULY 25,1919.

Patented Mar. 28, 1922.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

4 m\ /////////4 \N- w ll/I r/ fizleiziar dizarlea Z'Wwilake UNITEDSTATES PATENT FF1E.

CHARLES 2r. WESTLAKE, or s'r'. rouisjivrrssounii AssieNoa 'roCOMMONWEALTH STEEL COMPANY, or sit. LOUIS, MISSOURI, A CORPORATION onNEW JERSEY.

GAR TRUCK.

Specification of Letters Patent. 7 Patented Mar. 28, 1922.

Application filed July 25, 1919.- Serial No. 313,289.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES T. Wns'r- LAKE, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at St. Louis, Missouri, have invented a certain new anduseful Improvement in Car Trucks, of which the following is a full,clear, and exact description, such as will enable others skilled in theart to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being hadto the accompanying drawin s, forming part of this specification.

lily invention relates to railway car trucks; the principal objects ofmy invention being to generally improve upon and simplify theconstruction of the. existing types of trucks; to provide a relativelysimple truck which can be easily and cheaply manufactured; and toprovide means for distributing the load of thecar on the journals. y

lVith the foregoing and other. objects in view, my invention consists incertain novel features of construction and arrangement of parts,hereinafter more fully described and claimed, and illustrated in theaccompanying drawings, in which Y Figure 1 is atop plan view of arailway car truck of my improved construction.

Figure 2 is a side elevational view with parts broken away and insection.-

Figure 3 is a transverse section. taken approximately on the line 3-3 ofFigure 2.

Figure f is a detail section takenapproximately on the line &-1 ofFigure 3.- Figure 5 is a detail section taken approximately on theline5-5 of Figure 3and showing the bearing rollers that are-interposedbetween the truck bolster and body bolster or car underframe. Figure 6is a detail section similar to Figure 5 and showing a modified form ofthe bearingrollers. Figures 7 and 8 are diagrammatic views of the formsof bearing rollers used in my improved truck.

Referring by numerals to the accompanying drawings, 10, 10 designate thetruck side-frames, the same being preferablyjcast and having their endsextended as desig-' nated by 11 to form supports and points ofattachment for the hangers of outside hung brake beams, 12.

.: Each side frame rests uponand is secured to a pair of journal boxes13, thef-latterres -ceiving the ends of a pair of wheelcarrying axles14L Supportedin any Esuitable manner by the central portion of each sideframe 1s a. series of springs 15 and supported thereby are the endportions of a relatively light bolster 16. Thisbolster is preferablycast andformed at its center is a pocketp 17 which receives a spring 18.This spring is of sufficient size and tension as to carry a portion ofthe weight of the supported car body and bearing directly upon the upperend of said spring is a part of the car underframe or a body bolster 19.A king pin 16* upon which the bolster 16 is swiveled is seated in a partof the car underf'rame or body bolster and projects downwardly throughthe spring seated in pocket 17. Secured in any suitable manner to theend portions of this body bolster and on the underside thereof arebearing faces or brackets 20, in each of which is mounted for rotation apair of tapered rollers 21 which rest directly on top of the end portionof bolster l6.

In Figure 5 I have shown a type of planoconvex'roller wherein the rollerbody is provided withfa single flat face or surface2l and which latteris adapted to normally rest directly on top of the flat upper face ofthe end portion of the bolster. By virtue of this construction, thetruck will be held normally rigid while traversing straight portions ofthe track, and a considerable horizont'al force will be required to actupon the rollers to cause them to perform their rolling functions andpermit the truck to swing in a horizontal plane relative to the car bodyand which action occurs when the truck is passing around a curvedportion of the track. a

The degree'of forcerequiredto move the rollers from their normalpositions is in proportion to the. extent or area of the flat surface 21and its ratio to the diameter of the roller. This ratio between the flatsurface'and the diameter of the roller is regulated by the factor ofadhesion, or coeflicient of friction, between the roller and its supportor between the roller and the bearing between it and the interposedweight. This ratio must not-be greater than the factor of adhesion, and.preferably shouldbe somewhat less so as to insure a rolling instead. ofa sliding movement of the roller when the force is applied.

Itwill berunderstood that the coefficient of friction or factor ofadhesion between two similar materials is equal to the tangent theirtangents are the same and in order of the angle of re ose, and that inthe presout construction t e angle of repose. is the outside angle A(Figure 7) formed by half the flat portion of the roller and a line connecting one end of the flat portion with the intersecting point betweena vertical center line on the roller and the 'arc of the circle orcircumference of the rather This angle-of repose is equal to an 1e B andwhich latter is enclosed by a d mwn vertically through the center of therollerand a line drawn from the center of the hearing at the 1 top ofsaid miles to the edge of the straight flat portion 21. As these enginesare alike, to be assumed that the resimnoe to rolling movement is lessthan the factor, of adhesion between the roller mad the hearing, it isonly necessary to have the tangent of angle B less than the factor 30fadheeim and the "latter being known, the fome'r can beresdilyiestablrisbed. In Figure 8 wmodi'fied form of double piano-convexroller is shown wherein flat hearing shoes are formed at the top andhottom of the roller and in this instance the ungie is measured b thelines as shown, one of these lines ex ten ing vertically from 'theextreme end of the top bearing surface to the extreme opposite 'end (ifbearing surface, and a line drawn between corresponding edges of bothbearing surfaces.

' The tangent of the enclosed angle B in Figure 8 is taken as the min tobe observed, and for practical purposes it should not be gredter than"the 'coefl'itfient of friction between the roller amd its bearing.

My improved construction provides a truck whidh supports fpraoticallyall the weight of the ear and its contents directly over-the side framesand journals of the truck. A portion of the weight of the car is borneby the spnhigs 18 interposed betv'veen the truck and body bolsters.'This weight is transmitted through the bOlStGl springs 15 and sideframes of the join-nail boxes, from thence to the wheel carrying a'xles"so that at all times this portion of the weightof the war will bedistributed equally between the ends of the axles.

The purpose of sphing 18 between the light truck bolster and thebodyboleter of the car at or nea'r the centers of said bellstem issubstantially the some as'tlrelt described in the Pflager Pwtent No.1,147330, dated July 20, 1915, i. e., when one or both wheeis'of the'trnek at one'side aBs o'ver or a rest in a. depression of *the true themain supporting springs under 'the ends of 'tbe body bolster on thatside will tend to beeome exhausted, end as these springs distend, thespring 18 exerts its eno'rg in df t 'cafr at a to support enmigu e5 1iiwmmeneiounmmsn m its center.

underframe in which the mnnerof the car above the wheels lying in adepression of the track 1s otherwise unsupported, assuni igg, of course,that the car is evenly loaded.

If the car underframe is made of wood, or is pliable to the extent thatthe corner Over the wheel or wheels lying in a depression in the tracknests .upon the side bearings, then, of course, the spring 18 might notbe brought into action, or, if brought into action, not to the extentthat it would expand i fflie comer of s rigid framed cm' overhung {thewheels i nthe depresskm and there was at separation between the camunderiraine and the depressed truck side frame.

inroundhig-enrves, the truck bolster side Drums, and wheel carry inaxles will rotate about the center of the star or about the p'm 16, endunder such conditions, the rollers '21 will perform the functions ofrolling to permit the relative. movement between the truck and bodybolsters, and mid rol lereia're tapered inwardly so as to permit freerolling movement in curved paths on top of the ends of the truckbolster.

rI't Will be rewdily understood that minor changes in the sine, form andconstruction of the various parts of my improved our erue'lmm be madeamd substituted for those herein shown and described, without departingfrom the spirit of'my inventiom-the swipe of which is set ii orth in theappended I claim: r 0 1'. in a 'ear'tmck, a bolster pivoted to a partiofthe cur'body so as to'swing in a horizontal plane, a pair of sideframes, springs interposed between said side frames and bolstem-and aspring interposed between the central said bolster and a part of the earbody. a I r 2. In a car truck, the combination of a boister pivotallyeolmeoted to a part of the our body so as to swing in'a horizontalpla/ne, 1 10 a pair of side frames, spvi'ngs interposed between saidside i reimes and the bolster. and plane-convex rol ler bearingsarranged be- Ween the bdlster' and :parts of the car body.

in am! truck, the combination of a. bolster pivotally connected to apart of the en!- body so esto'swing in a horizontal plane, a pair ofside frames, springs interposed between said side frames andthe ends ofthe MM, and oneconvex bemrings' carried by Who ear and disposed abovethe ends of the end' the spring supporting 'the some, the flat mm ofsaid bearings an m -em 1 *4. new: flruek, the combination'of-a bolsterpivotally connected to apakrt of the ear body-e0 as' te swimg "in e.honizomwl plane, a air-er side; flames, springs interposed be mane-seehams, end-the bomernrol ler {innings eiufiedby the oer My end 130 posedabove the ends of the bolster andthe springs supporting the same, saidroller bearings being provided with flat bolster engaging faces and aspring interposed between the central portion of the bolster and a partof the car body.

5. In a car truck, a pair of side frames, a bolster yieldingly supportedthereupon, which bolster is pivoted to swing in a horizontal plane, aspring interposed between the central portion of said bolster and a partof the car body, and a roller arranged between the ends of the bolsterand a part of the car body, aportion of the periphery of said rollerbeing flat.

6. In a car truck, a pair of side frames, a bolster yieldingly supportedthereupon, which bolster is pivoted to swing in a horizontal plane, aspring interposed between the bolster and a part of the car body, androlling supports arranged between the ends of the bolster and. a part ofthe car body, which rolling supports are provided with fiat bear ingsurfaces.

7. The,combination with a body bolster provided on its underside withbearing rollers, portions of the peripheries of which are flat, of atruckbolster pivotally connected to said body bolster, the ends of whichtruck bolster normally engage against the flat surfaces of said bearingrollers, a spring interposed between the body and truck bolsters, andside frames yieldingly arranged beneath the ends of the truck bolster.

8. The combination with a body bolster provided on its underside withbearing rollers, portions of the peripheries of which are flat, of atruck bolster pivotally connected to said body bolster, the endsof whichtruck bolster normally engage against the flat surfaces of said bearingrollers, a spring interposed between the central portions of said bodyand truck bolsters, side frames positioned beneath the end portions ofthe truck bolster, and springs interposed between said side frames andtruck bolster.

9. In a car truck, abolsterpivotally mounted near its center so as toswing in a horizontal plane, a pair of side frames, springs interposedbetween said side frames and said bolster, and plane-convex bearingsarranged between the bolster and a part of the car body for normallymounting the bolster in position at right angles to the center line ofthe car body and retaining said side frames in planes parallel to thetrack rails.

10. In a car truck, the combination with a truck bolster adapted to bepivoted near its center to the car so as to swing in a horizontal plane,and plane-convex bearing rollers interposed between said bolster and thecar body, the flat bearing surfaces of said rollers being tangentialtoan angle between the vertical center line through each roller and a linedrawn from the center of the opposite bearing point of said roller tothe edge of the fiat surface, whereby the factor of adhesion between theroller and its bearing is less than its rolling tendency.

11. In a car truck, the combination with a bolster designed to bepivoted near its cen ter so as to swing in a horizontal plane, thelano-convex bearing rollers cooperating with said bolster, the flattenedportions of said bearings having rolling resistance less than the factorof adhesion between said bearin surfaces and said bolster.

12. n a car truck, the combination with a spring supported truck bolsterthat is pivoted near its center for horizontal swinginv movement, ofplano-convex rollers disposed above the end portions of said bolster,the flat portions of each of which rollers providing a flat bolsterengaging surface.

18. In a car truck, the combination with a spring supported truckbolster that is pivoted near its center for horizontal swingingmovement, of plano-convex tapered rollers disposed above the endportions of said bol ster, the flat portion of each of which rollersproviding substantially flat bolster engaging surface.

14. In a car truck, the combination with a body bolster, of a springsupported truck bolster arranged beneath and pivoted to said bodybolster so as to swing in a horizontal plane, and plano-convex bearingrollers arranged between said bolsters, the flattened portions of theperipheries of said bearing rollers providing bolster engaging faces.

In testimony whereof I hereunto afiix my signature this 16th day ofJuly, 1919.

CHARLES T. IVESTLAKE.

